Introduction

The ArcGIS product line provides users with a scalable and comprehensive GIS platform. ArcObjects includes many programmable components, ranging from fine-grained objects (such as individual geometric objects) to coarse-grained objects (such as map objects interacting with existing ArcMap documents), which integrate comprehensive GIS functionality for developers.

Desktop GIS

For GIS professionals who use GIS information for editing and design, desktop GIS holds a dominant position. GIS professionals use standard desktops as tools to design, share, manage, and publish geographic information.

ArcGIS Desktop is a software suite that integrates numerous advanced GIS applications, including a set of Windows desktop applications with user interface components (such as ArcMap, ArcCatalogTM, ArcTooboxTM, and ArcGlobe). The ArcGIS Desktop has three functional levels - ArcReader, ArcView?, Both ArcEditorTM and ArcInfoTM can be customized and extended using the ArcGIS Desktop development package included in their respective software packages.

For more information about ArcGIS Desktop, please refer to the relevant books' Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo '.

The graphics in the book demonstrate application examples using ArcGIS Desktop.

Server GIS

GIS users publish and share geographic information within large organizations and among users on the Internet by deploying a centralized GIS server. The GIS software on the server is suitable for any centralized execution of GIS calculations, and plans to expand support for GIS data management and spatial processing.

In addition to providing map and data services for clients, the GIS server also supports all functions of the GIS workstation on a shared central server, including mapping, spatial analysis, complex spatial queries, advanced data editing, distributed data management, batch spatial processing, implementation of spatial geometric integrity rules, and more.

ArcGIS server products comply with the standard specifications of information technology and can collaborate with other enterprise level software, such as web servers, database management systems (DBMS), and enterprise level application development frameworks such as. NET and JAVA2 Enterprise Platform (J2EE). This has prompted the integration of GIS and a large number of other information system technologies.

Embedded GIS

Users can use embedded GIS to add selected GIS components to their focused applications, providing GIS functionality for any department in the organization. This allows many users who need to use GIS as a tool in their daily work to access GIS functionality through simple, focused interfaces. For example, embedded GIS applications help users support remote data collection, implement GIS on the manager's desktop, customize interfaces for system operators, and apply for data editing.

Mobile GIS

Relying on professional application systems on mobile computing devices, GIS is increasingly being transferred from offices to the wild. Wireless mobile devices with GPS functionality are often used for field thematic data acquisition and field information acquisition. Firefighters, garbage collectors, engineering maintenance personnel, surveyors, utility construction workers, soldiers, statistical investigators, police officers, and field biologists are representatives of some field workers who use mobile GIS as a tool.

Geodatabase

As the abbreviation for geographic database, geodatabase is the core geographic information model that organizes GIS data in thematic layers and spatial representations.

Geodatabase is a comprehensive set of application logic and tools for obtaining and managing GIS data. Whether it is a client application (such as ArcGIS Desktop), server configuration (such as ArcGIS Server), or embedded custom development (ArcGIS Engine), the application logic of the geodatabase can be obtained.

Geodatabase is a physical data repository based on GIS and DBMS standards, which can be applied to multi user access, personal DBMS, and XML.

model structure

*Object class

In Geodatabase, an object class is a special class that does not have spatial features and refers to a table that stores non spatial data.

* Feature class

The collection of spatial elements of the same type is called a feature class. For example: rivers, roads, vegetation, land, cables, etc. Feature classes can exist independently or have certain relationships. When there are relationships between different feature classes, we organize them into a Feature dataset.

* Feature dataset

The feature dataset consists of a set of feature classes with the same spatial reference.

There are generally three situations when placing different feature classes into a feature dataset:

Topic classification representation - when different element classes belong to the same category.

Creating a geometric network - Various feature classes that serve as connecting points and edges within the same geometric network must be organized into the same feature dataset..

Consider Planar topologies - feature classes that share common geometric features.

* Relationship class

Define the association relationship between two different feature classes or object classes.

* Geometric network

A geometric network is a new class established on the basis of several feature classes.

* Domains

Define the valid range of values for attributes. It can be a continuous variation interval or a discrete set of values.

* Validation rules

Rules for constraining the behavior and values of feature classes。

* Raster Datasets

Used to store raster data. It can support raster data and image mosaic.

* TIN Datasets

TIN is a very classic data model for ARC/INFO, which consists of an irregular triangular set of sampled values (usually elevation values or any other type of value) from irregularly distributed sampling points. Used to express the spatial continuous distribution characteristics of surface shape or other types.

* Locators

A locator is a combination of positioning references and methods, which uses different positioning methods to perform positioning operations for different positioning references. The so-called positioning reference refers to different expression methods for different positioning information. In geodatabase, there are four types of positioning information: address code, place name and postal code, and path positioning. The positioning reference data is placed in the database table, and the locator generates spatial positioning points on the map based on the positioning reference data.